The term "White Africa" generally refers to regions in Africa that have historically had a significant population of people of European descent, particularly during and after the colonial period. This includes countries in North Africa and Southern Africa, where European settlers established themselves in large numbers. Here’s a brief overview:
North Africa
North Africa has a diverse population, including significant Arab and Berber communities, but it also has a history of European influence. For example:
- Egypt: Has a long history of interaction with European countries, especially during the colonial period under British rule.
- Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco: These countries were heavily influenced by French colonialism.
Southern Africa
Southern Africa is often more closely associated with the term "White Africa" due to the substantial number of European settlers who established themselves in the region:
- South Africa: Perhaps the most well-known, South Africa had a significant European (mainly Dutch and British) settler population. Apartheid, a system of institutionalized racial segregation, was implemented here by the white minority government from 1948 until the early 1990s.
- Namibia: Formerly known as German South West Africa, Namibia had a significant German settler population. It was later controlled by South Africa until it gained independence in 1990.
- Zimbabwe: Known as Rhodesia before independence, it had a significant British settler population and was under white minority rule until 1980.
- Angola and Mozambique: Both had Portuguese settlers and were colonies of Portugal until the mid-1970s.
Historical Context
- Colonialism: The European colonization of Africa began in the 15th century and intensified in the 19th century with the Scramble for Africa. Various European powers, including Britain, France, Portugal, Germany, Belgium, and Spain, established colonies across the continent.
- Post-Colonial Period: After World War II, many African nations gained independence. However, the legacy of colonialism, including the presence of European-descended populations, continued to influence these countries’ politics, economies, and social structures.
Modern Context
Today, the term "White Africa" can be seen as controversial due to its historical connotations of colonialism and racial segregation. African countries have worked to forge national identities that encompass all ethnic groups within their borders. However, communities of European descent still live in these regions and contribute to their cultural and economic landscapes.
